Haruku (はるく)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: hah-ruu-kuu [há.ɾɯ̟̀ᵝ.kɯ̟̀ᵝ]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is a combination of the element haru and a ku kanji, most of them included in the list below:

  • meaning “sky”
  • meaning “long time”
  • , meaning “black jewel” but also refers to the number 9 in legal documents
  • , part of 琥珀 (kohaku) meaning “amber”
  • meaning “run, dash”
  • / meaning “to come, arrive”
  • meaning “section, sentence”

Popularity:
Usage of this name is relatively recent, having only risen in usage in the 2000s. Usage rose from less than 0.005% before the turn of the millennium to over 0.02% by the late 2000s and largely staying that way throughout the 2010s.
Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my 2014-21 names research, Haruku experience a jump in usage in 2021 with percentages averaging at well over 0.07% (compared to over 0.03% the year before). This jump in usage is influenced by Ōmura Haruku, son of comedian Ōmura Tomohiro, whose appearances were becoming increasingly frequent in that year (examples of Japanese articles featuring him here).

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Kōmei (こうめい)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: ko:-me: [kó̞ò̞.mè̞ː]
Variant transliterations: Komei, Koumei, Kohmei


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The second element of this name is mainly written as 明 meaning “brightness; clarity,” but other mei kanji can be used, e.g. 盟 meaning “alliance.” As for the first element, any kanji with the reading can be used, such as:

  • / meaning “good luck, happiness”
  • meaning “brilliant, bright, dazzling”
  • , part of 孔子 (Kōshi), referring to Confucius
  • meaning “peace”
  • meaning “filial piety”
  • meaning “light; ray, beam, glow”
  • meaning “valiant, brave”
  • meaning “sky”
  • meaning “imperial”
  • // meaning “spacious, vast, wide”
  • meaning “tilling, cultivation”
  • meaning “merit, success; achievement”
  • meaning “navigation”
  • meaning “good, excellent”
  • meaning “high, tall”
  • meaning “interest, entertainment”

When using 明 for the second element, this name can be linked to two words, 公明 meaning “fairness, openness, impartiality​” and 光明 meaning “bright light; hope, bright future.”

Popularity:
Usage of this name is rather uncommon. From the late 19th to the early 20th century, most boys receiving this name were born in Okinawa with occassional usage outside. Regarding Heisei period (1989-2019) popularity, percentages throughout the 1990s and the turn of the millennium stabilised at around the 0.01% range before rising throughout the 2000s to well over 0.03% by 2009. Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my 2014-20 names research, the average percentage from 2017-2020 is around 0.04%.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Aozora (あおぞら)


Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Generally unisex
Pronunciation: ah-ozo-rah [à.ó̞.zó̞.ɾà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is taken from 青空 (aozora) meaning “blue sky.” The first kanji can be substituted with 蒼, 碧 or 葵, the third one referring to a mallow or other plants belonging to the mallow family, e.g. the hollyhock, and also a wild ginger, and the second kanji can be substituted with one that either shares its meaning or relates to sora, e.g. 天.

Popularity:
Overall usage of this name is rare with only just over 10 examples found on PDFs through search results and on FamilySearch and overall percentage from telephone book data calculated at less than 0.001% for both genders (usage tends to skew towards younger people). Except for any combinations with 葵 as the first kanji, all others tend to be most commonly read as just Sora.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Sorato (そらと)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: so-rah-to [só̞.ɾà.tò̞]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is made up of Sora (in this case, usually written as 空 meaning “sky”) and a to kanji, some of which include:

  • / meaning “fly, soar”
  • , referring to the Chinese constellation known as the Dipper
  • meaning “light, lamp”
  • meaning “sound”
  • meaning “grant, answer”
  • meaning “person”
  • meaning “warrior; samurai”
  • meaning “benevolence, compassion, humanity”
  • meaning “metropolis”
  • meaning “crossing, passage”
  • meaning “shrine grove”
  • meaning “winter”

Popularity:
With the rise of Sora in the Heisei period (1989-2019), usage of Sorato picked up accordingly. In 1990, it was only given to around 0.001% of boys, rising to around 0.010% by 2000 and over 0.03% by 2007. Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my preliminary 2014-9 names research, the average percentage for that time frame is over 0.06%.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Hinata (ひなた)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Generally unisex
Pronunciation: khee-nah-tah [çí.nà.tà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is derived from 日向 (hinata), referring to the direction the sun is shining ora sunny spot or place, derived from a combination of 日 (hi) meaning “sun,” the Old Japanese possessive particle な (na) and the suffix た (ta) referring to a direction or side, also found in pronouns, e.g あなた (anata).
Despite 日向 being the original form (and usage of this particular writing being more unisex), 陽向 is the most popular kanji writing for both genders (as a feminine name, the phonetic spelling, usually in hiragana, is the most often used overall). Other than these three main writings, there is a myriad of writings for Hinata as well.

  • Single kanji or combinations related to 日向:
    • , 日陽, 日暖, etc.
    • meaning “warmth”
    • 光陽, meaning “light; ray, beam, glow”
    • 優陽, meaning “gentle, elegant; excellence, superiority”
    • 光優, 晃優, etc., meaning “brilliant, bright, dazzling”
    • 陽空, 暖空, etc., / meaning “sky” (more often used for boys)
    • 太陽, from taiyō referring to the sun (more often used for boys)
    • 大空, from oozora referring to the big sky, the heavens, firmament, etc. (more often used for boys)
    • 陽晴, 天晴, etc., meaning “clear, fine”
  • Combinations related to 向日葵 (himawari), referring to a sunflower:
    • 陽葵/日葵, 向葵, etc.
    • 陽咲/日咲, meaning “blossom”
    • 日向葵, 陽向葵, etc.
    • 陽菜/日菜, meaning “greens”
  • Other imagery or actions for 日向:
    • 陽愛, meaning “love, affection” (more often used for girls)
    • 陽翔, 陽飛, from 飛翔 (hishō) meaning “flight, flying, soaring” (more often used for boys)
    • 陽詩/日詩, 陽歌, etc., meaning “poem” and meaning “song”
      • in turn: 陽奏, 奏陽, 陽音, etc., meaning “playing music” and meaning “sound”
    • 陽叶, meaning “grant, answer”
    • 日宝, meaning “treasure”
    • 日笑, meaning “smile”

For boys, it is also common to combine a single kanji for this name, like 陽 but also 輝 meaning “brightness, brilliance,” a hi+na combination (which we will get to) or 雛, which means “doll,” with a ta kanji, like 太 meaning “plump, thick,” 大 meaning “large, big,” 汰 meaning “wash, scour” or 多 meaning “many, much,” the final one being used for girls as well. As for hi and na kanji, they are included in the table below:

hi (ひ) na (な)
/ see above phonetic kanji
“false holly” phonetic kanji
“scarlet” see above
see above “calm, lull”
phonetic kanji “south”
/ “princess” “summer”
“calm, gentle”
“seven”

Popularity:
In use since at least the 1970s, much of the people with this name were born in the Heisei period (1989-2019) onwards. In 1990, it was given to less than 0.005% of both boys and girls. The name started to rise in 1992, albeit at a small rate, though by the time it experienced a second, more prominent uptick in usage in 1996, it was given to over 0.03% of girls and well over 0.05% of boys. As of the time of writing, I have not being able to determine the cause(s) of these two upticks in popularity.
By 2000, usage of this name briefly flipped towards feminine with over 0.23% of girls and well over 0.15% of boys receiving this name. At this point, Hinata was about to enter the top 100 for both girls and boys. Seven years later, over 0.6% of boys and over 0.48% of girls received this name, by then placing Hinata within the top 50 for both genders. Based on survey data from Tamahiyo, Meiji Yasuda Life and Baby Calendar and my preliminary 2014-9 names research, during this time period, percentages are averaged at over 1% for boys and over 0.7% for girls.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Ten (てん)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Generally unisex
Pronunciation: ten [tẽ̞́ɴ̀]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
For this name, any kanji with the on’yomi (Sino-Japanese) reading ten can be used, most commonly 天 meaning “sky.” Others include 典 meaning “rule, law,” 添 meaning “accompanying” and 辿 meaning “following, pursuing.” Occasionally, a kanji that can be shifted to the moraic nasal n is suffixed to the single kanji, e.g. 夢 meaning “dream.”

Popularity:
Before the Heisei period (1989-2019), usage of this name for both genders was very rare. From the 6 examples I’ve found online with an even gender split, the females were all born before the 20th century whilst 2 of the 3 males were born in the mid-20th century.
As for Heisei period popularity, in 1990, it was given to only less than 0.005% of baby boys as well as only a few baby girls. Usage increased in the 2000s with around or slightly less than 0.005% of girls receiving this name compared to over 0.01% for boys. According to my preliminary 2014-9 names research combined with rankings data from Baby Calendar, usage in that time frame stabilised for the most part, albeit with percentages for girls and boys occasionally rising above 0.01/0.02%.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Takara (たから)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male, can be female as well
Pronunciation: tah-kahrah [tà.ká.ɾá]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The name is derived from 宝/財 (takara) meaning “treasure.” How it is derived is uncertain. Both Ōtsuki and Yamada give a shift from 力 (chikara), meaning “strength, power,” as one of the derivations, though Ōtsuki lists out a couple of other derivations, like:

  • a combination of 田 (ta) meaning “rice field” and kara, written as 自, likely 柄 (kara) meaning “quality, characteristic”
  • a combination of 田 (ta) and 税 (chikara) meaning “tax”
  • a derivation of 高い (takai), written in source as 貴い, meaning “high”

Robbeets has a similar theory to the last derivation, being that the word/name is derived from the stem taka– with what she refers as a “collective bound noun” suffix –ra/ら, likely referring to the nominalising/pluralising suffix used in other words/names like Sakura and Katsura.
宝/財, alongside other kanji related to 高, like 貴/尊 meaning “precious, valuable,” 空/天 meaning “sky” or 孝 meaning “filial piety,” and 鷹, which refers to a hawk, can be suffixed with either a –ra kanji, such as 良 meaning “good,” 来/來 meaning “arrival” or 楽/樂 meaning “comfort, ease,” or a kanji that can be read as kara, e.g. 柄 or 空.

Popularity:
In use since the Meiji period (1868-1912), usage of this name is pretty uncommon. In the early 20th century, it was a rare, mostly masculine name, but fast forward to the 1990s and 2000s and feminine usage picked up a bit. In 1990, it was given to around 0.005% of boys and around 0.001% of girls, rising to over 0.01% for both genders by 2000 before dropping back down to 0.005% or below by 2009. Now, according to my preliminary 2014-9 names research and Baby Calendar rankings data, usage of this name is seemingly very similar to what happened in the early 20th century – over 0.02% of baby boys are receiving this name with few instances of baby girl Takaras.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Sora (そら)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male, can be female as well
Pronunciation: so-rah [só̞.ɾà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name stems from the word 空 (sora) meaning “sky,” as a name also written as 昊, 宙, 天 and 穹. 大空 and 青空 (also, and more popularly, 蒼空 and 碧空) are also used, normally read as oozora and aozora and meaning “(literally) big sky, heavens, firmament, the blue” and “blue sky” respectively. The first kanji for aozora can also be used as a single kanji.
As far as other 2-kanji combinations go, the single kanji mentioned at the beginning are used as both a first and second element kanji. Other kanji in use for this type of combinations are shown in the table below:

so (そ) ra (ら)
“playing music” / “arrival”
“fresh” “good”
“conception, idea, thought” “blossom”
“quick, sudden” “comfort, ease”
“vibrancy, strength, bravery” “cherry (tree, blossom)”
“making, building; start, origin, beginning” “love, affection”
“star”
“fly, soar”
“orchid”
“request, favour; trust”
“gratitude; manners; gift”
“lovely, beautiful”
“large, big”
“tiger”

Image-based kanji combinations are not out of the question for Sora, most of which include:

  • 夏空, the first kanji meaning “summer”
  • 叶空, the first kanji meaning “grant, answer”
  • 希空, the first kanji meaning “rare” or part of 希望 (kibō) meaning “hope, wish, aspiration”
  • 輝空, the first kanji meaning “brightness, brilliance”
  • 幸空, the first kanji meaning “good luck, happiness”
  • 澄空, the first kanji meaning “lucidity, transparency”
  • 星空 – see the table above for 星
  • 美空, the first kanji meaning “beauty”
  • 夢空, the first kanji meaning “dream”
  • 優空, the first kanji meaning “gentle, elegant”

Simply put, the sky really is the limit for this name!

Popularity:
Although in use since at least the early 20th century, the name started to see its first signs of an increase in popularity in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1990, it was given to just over 0.01% of both boys and girls. By the mid-1990s, the increase gets steeper, the percentages increasing to over 0.08% for boys and over 0.04% for girls by 1996, over 0.3% and over 0.12% by 2000 and over 0.84% and over 0.32% by 2007.
By then, Sora began to maintain its position within the boys’ top 20 and the lower half of the girls’ top 100, though over the past few years, the name flip flops out and back in the boys’ top 20, based on data from Baby Calendar, Tamahiyo and Meiji Yasuda Life.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Kōtarō (こうたろう)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: ko:tahro: [kò̞ó̞.tá.ɾó̞ː]
Variant transliterations: Kotaro, Koutarou


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The second element of this name is most commonly written as 太郎 (tarō), a birth order suffix referring to an eldest son. Substitutes include 大 (ta) meaning “large, big,” 汰 (ta) meaning “wash, scour,” 多 (ta) meaning “many, much” and 朗 (rō) meaning “cheerful.” As for the first element, any kanji can be used, such as:

  • / meaning “good luck, happiness”
  • meaning “filial piety”
  • meaning “navigation”
  • / meaning “brilliant, bright, dazzling”
  • meaning “peace”
  • meaning “valiant, brave”
  • meaning “light; ray, beam, glow”
  • ~///// meaning “spacious, vast, wide”
  • meaning “steel”
  • meaning “shell”
  • meaning “monarch, ruler”
  • meaning “clear”
  • meaning “rainbow”
  • meaning “tilling, cultivation”
  • meaning “large bird”
  • meaning “sky”
  • meaning “interest, entertainment”
  • meaning “rough, wild, raw”
  • meaning “ore”

Popularity:
Based on data from Collazo and merchant data available via Issendai, Kōtarō wasn’t used very much in the Edo period (1603-1868) but, from what I can gather from passenger lists, it did gain steam in the Meiji period (1868-1912), ranking somewhere around the lower half of the top 100 up to the 1910s when it began dropping off. From the 1950s to the 1980s, usage went up and down within the 0.05% to 0.2% range, though it did end up rising again starting in the late 1980s.
In 1990, it was given to over 0.24% of boys and though it did drop a little bit to over 0.2% by 1994, it rose again throughout the rest of the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, it was given to over 0.65% of boys. Based on data from Baby Calendar, Tamahiyo and Meiji Yasuda Life as well as my preliminary 2014-9 names research, by that time period, the name was already starting to drop off and currently, it is being given to 0.3% or less of baby boys, effectively out of the top 50.

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.

Aoi (あおい)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Female, can be male as well
Pronunciation: ah-oee [à.ó̞.í]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The most commonly used form of this name is 葵, which refers to a mallow or other plants belonging to the mallow family, e.g. the hollyhock, and also a wild ginger (the form mainly used for females, but is sometimes used on males as well). It is generally thought to derive from the stem of verb 仰ぐ (aogu) meaning “to look up to, respect, revere; to seek; to depend/rely on” combined with 日 (hi) meaning “day,” in reference to its heliotropism. It can also be written as 碧, 蒼 or 青, from the adjective which nowadays has the general meaning of “blue,” but also meant “green” until recently and is still used to refer to that colour in certain things today (e.g. traffic lights and leaves). Compared to 葵, this way of writing Aoi is mainly used for males with some feminine usage. 藍, shifted from ai meaning “indigo,” is also occasionally used.
These single kanji can occasionally follow an a kanji, such as 愛 meaning “love, affection” or 彩 meaning “colour,” 明 meaning “bright” or 亜 (向葵 is also used, stemming from 向日葵 (himawari), which refers to a sunflower). It is more likely however that these single kanji are suffixed with a kanji that can be read as i, some of which include:

  • meaning “live, exist”
  • / meaning “only”
  • meaning “clothing”
  • meaning “reliance, dependence”
  • see above
  • meaning “sea, ocean”***
  • 一/ meaning “one”*
  • meaning “warrior; samurai”*
  • meaning “grant, answer”
  • meaning “sound”
  • / meaning “sky”***
  • meaning “beloved”**
  • meaning “Japanese/Chinese plum”
  • meaning “(natural) spring, fountain”
  • meaning “large, big”*
  • / see above
  • meaning “heart, mind”
  • meaning “tie, rope”
  • meaning “tie, bond”**

* mostly used on males
** mostly used on females
*** mostly follows a kanji for “blue” in reference to the sea/sky’s colour

Popularity:
In use since at least the second half of the Meiji period (1868-1912), the name didn’t start seeing an increase in usage until the 1970s. By 1990, over 0.24% of girls and over 0.01% of boys received this name, placing Aoi just below the top 100 for girls. As time goes on, usage for both genders increase to the point that the name has, for the most part, maintained its position within the girls’ top 10 and stayed within the boys’ top 100 since the late 2000s.
Based on survey data from Baby Calendar, Tamahiyo and Meiji Yasuda Life as well as my preliminary 2014-9 names research, average percentages for that time period were at well over 1.1% for girls and over 0.7% for boys, the boys’ average percentage, in particular, on the up compared to the early third of the decade where Aoi sometimes ranked within the lower section of the top 50 but mostly ranked below it (meaning that percentages back then may have peaked at over 0.4%).

If you would like to add in your thoughts about this name, please share them in the comments below.