Teru (てる)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Currently male, can be female as well
Pronunciation: te-ruu [té̞.ɾɯ̟̀ᵝ]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is derived from the verb 照る (teru) meaning “to shine.” Other kanji in use for this name include, but are not limited to, 輝/耀 meaning “brightness, brilliance,” 光 meaning “light; ray, beam, glow,” 瑛 meaning “crystal” and 晴 meaning “clear, fine.”
These single kanji, along with kanji that can be read as te, e.g. 天 meaning “sky,” can be combined with a ru kanji, such as 琉/瑠, part of 琉璃/瑠璃 (ruri) meaning “lapis lazuli,” or 流 meaning “current, flow.”

Popularity:
By the late Edo period (1603-1868), Teru was a slightly common feminine name (mainly written phonetically) with an average percentage (based on Tsunoda and Collazo) close to 0.3% and within the bottom section of the top 100. It grew in usage in the Meiji period (1868-1912), ranking within the top 50 in the first half.
As with most feminine name of this type, it fell off in usage throughout the early 20th century, dropping out of the top 100 by the 1930s. Masculine usage at that time was uncommon, though with the decrease of feminine usage, the amount of male Terus would end up being the majority, even when overall usage would be uncommon up to now.
By 1990, less than 0.01% of boys received this name, slowly increasing to over 0.03% by the late 2010s (based on Baby Calendar rankings data and my 2014-20 names research). At that same time, feminine usage of this name amount to only several a year.

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Haruku (はるく)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: hah-ruu-kuu [há.ɾɯ̟̀ᵝ.kɯ̟̀ᵝ]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is a combination of the element haru and a ku kanji, most of them included in the list below:

  • meaning “sky”
  • meaning “long time”
  • , meaning “black jewel” but also refers to the number 9 in legal documents
  • , part of 琥珀 (kohaku) meaning “amber”
  • meaning “run, dash”
  • / meaning “to come, arrive”
  • meaning “section, sentence”

Popularity:
Usage of this name is relatively recent, having only risen in usage in the 2000s. Usage rose from less than 0.005% before the turn of the millennium to over 0.02% by the late 2000s and largely staying that way throughout the 2010s.
Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my 2014-21 names research, Haruku experience a jump in usage in 2021 with percentages averaging at well over 0.07% (compared to over 0.03% the year before). This jump in usage is influenced by Ōmura Haruku, son of comedian Ōmura Tomohiro, whose appearances were becoming increasingly frequent in that year (examples of Japanese articles featuring him here).

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Hidaka (ひだか)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: khee-dah-kah [çí.dà.kà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name revolves around a combination of a hi kanji, like 陽/日 meaning “day, sun” or 飛 meaning “fly, soar,” and, for the most part, a kanji with meanings stemming from the adjective 高い (takai) meaning “high, tall,” such as 嵩 meaning “bulk, volume, quantity,” 貴/尊 meaning “precious, valuable,” 崇 meaning “respect,” 天 meaning “sky” or 岳 meaning “peak; mountain.” The second element can also be written as 鷹, which refers to a hawk (in this case, mainly used for the combination 飛鷹).

Popularity:
Much of its usage is concentrated on those born from the Heisei period (1989-2019) onwards. Percentages throughout the 1990s and 2000s peak at no more than 0.005%, though it would end up rising to over 0.01% by the second half of the 2010s.

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Kōmei (こうめい)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: ko:-me: [kó̞ò̞.mè̞ː]
Variant transliterations: Komei, Koumei, Kohmei


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The second element of this name is mainly written as 明 meaning “brightness; clarity,” but other mei kanji can be used, e.g. 盟 meaning “alliance.” As for the first element, any kanji with the reading can be used, such as:

  • / meaning “good luck, happiness”
  • meaning “brilliant, bright, dazzling”
  • , part of 孔子 (Kōshi), referring to Confucius
  • meaning “peace”
  • meaning “filial piety”
  • meaning “light; ray, beam, glow”
  • meaning “valiant, brave”
  • meaning “sky”
  • meaning “imperial”
  • // meaning “spacious, vast, wide”
  • meaning “tilling, cultivation”
  • meaning “merit, success; achievement”
  • meaning “navigation”
  • meaning “good, excellent”
  • meaning “high, tall”
  • meaning “interest, entertainment”

When using 明 for the second element, this name can be linked to two words, 公明 meaning “fairness, openness, impartiality​” and 光明 meaning “bright light; hope, bright future.”

Popularity:
Usage of this name is rather uncommon. From the late 19th to the early 20th century, most boys receiving this name were born in Okinawa with occassional usage outside. Regarding Heisei period (1989-2019) popularity, percentages throughout the 1990s and the turn of the millennium stabilised at around the 0.01% range before rising throughout the 2000s to well over 0.03% by 2009. Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my 2014-20 names research, the average percentage from 2017-2020 is around 0.04%.

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Ameri (あめり)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Female
Pronunciation: ah-me-rʸee [á.mè̞.ɾʲì]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is usually made up of 天 (ame) meaning “sky; heaven” and a ri kanji, like 莉, part of 茉莉 (matsuri) referring to the Arabian jasmine, 璃, part of 瑠璃 (ruri) meaning “lapis lazuli,” 梨 meaning “pear,” 里 meaning “village,” so on and so forth. The first element can also be split into two kanji, an a kanji like 亜, 愛 meaning “love, affection,” 明 meaning “bright” or 杏 meaning “apricot,” combined with a me kanji, mainly 芽/萌 meaning “bud, sprout.”

Popularity:
Usage of this name is relatively recent, spurred by the release of the well-known French film ‘Amélie’ (transcribed in Japanese like this name) in 2001. By 2002, it rose to around 0.01%, compared to usage levels in the 1990s and the start of the new millennium which was no more than 0.001-2%. Since 2002, percentage levels have stabilised around the 0.01% mark since then.

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Ten’yō (てんよう)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: tew̃-yo: [tẽ̞́ɰ̃̀.jò̞ː]
Variant transliterations: Ten’yo, Ten’you


Etymology and/or ways to write:
The most popular form of this name at the moment is 天陽, the kanji individually meaning “sky” and “day; sun.” Other kanji in use include 辿 (ten) meaning “following, pursuing,” 洋 () meaning “ocean, sea,” 耀 (yō) meaning “brightness, brilliance” and 遥 (yō) meaning “far off, distant.”

Popularity:
Overall usage of this name is rare with percentage levels not reaching above 0.002% before the 21st century. Even when heading into the 2000s and 2010s, usage did not peak above 0.005%, that is until around 2019 when the asadora ‘Natsuzora’ aired which featured a character with this name. By 2020, based on Baby Calendar rankings data and my preliminary 2014-20 names research, percentage levels rose to well over 0.03% with the asadora also causing the rise of such other names as Saitarō and Yukinosuke.

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Aozora (あおぞら)


Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Generally unisex
Pronunciation: ah-ozo-rah [à.ó̞.zó̞.ɾà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is taken from 青空 (aozora) meaning “blue sky.” The first kanji can be substituted with 蒼, 碧 or 葵, the third one referring to a mallow or other plants belonging to the mallow family, e.g. the hollyhock, and also a wild ginger, and the second kanji can be substituted with one that either shares its meaning or relates to sora, e.g. 天.

Popularity:
Overall usage of this name is rare with only just over 10 examples found on PDFs through search results and on FamilySearch and overall percentage from telephone book data calculated at less than 0.001% for both genders (usage tends to skew towards younger people). Except for any combinations with 葵 as the first kanji, all others tend to be most commonly read as just Sora.

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Sorato (そらと)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: so-rah-to [só̞.ɾà.tò̞]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is made up of Sora (in this case, usually written as 空 meaning “sky”) and a to kanji, some of which include:

  • / meaning “fly, soar”
  • , referring to the Chinese constellation known as the Dipper
  • meaning “light, lamp”
  • meaning “sound”
  • meaning “grant, answer”
  • meaning “person”
  • meaning “warrior; samurai”
  • meaning “benevolence, compassion, humanity”
  • meaning “metropolis”
  • meaning “crossing, passage”
  • meaning “shrine grove”
  • meaning “winter”

Popularity:
With the rise of Sora in the Heisei period (1989-2019), usage of Sorato picked up accordingly. In 1990, it was only given to around 0.001% of boys, rising to around 0.010% by 2000 and over 0.03% by 2007. Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my preliminary 2014-9 names research, the average percentage for that time frame is over 0.06%.

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Tenma (てんま)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Male
Pronunciation: tem-mah [tẽ̞́m̀.mà]
Variant transliteration: Temma


Etymology and/or ways to write:
For the first element, any kanji with the reading ten can be used, like 天 meaning “sky,” 典 meaning “rule, law,” 槙, referring to the yew plum tree, or 辿 meaning “following, pursuing.” As for the second element, the list below shows some of the ma kanji that can be used there:

  • meaning “horse”
  • / meaning “truth”
  • meaning “hemp, flax”
  • / meaning “polish, shine”
  • meaning “dance”
  • meaning “full, whole”
  • , part of 茉莉 (matsuri) referring to the Arabian jasmine
  • meaning “excellence, superiority”
  • / meaning “rare”

The compound 天馬 (which is usually read as tenba, though tenma is also in use) also refers to a flying horse, though it can also refer specifically to Pegasus.

Popularity:
In use since at least the 1980s, the general trend for its usage in the 1990s was a steady rise, giving way to 0.02%+ percentage levels from the late 1990s onward compared to a fraction of that at the start of the Heisei period (1989-2019). By 2004, it was given to over 0.04% of baby boys, though it dropped back to over 0.02% by 2009. Based on Baby Calendar rankings data as well as my preliminary 2014-9 names research, usage levels rose back up a bit in that time frame with an average of over 0.05% of baby boys receiving this name.

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Hinata (ひなた)

Sources Pronunciation guide

(Main) gender: Generally unisex
Pronunciation: khee-nah-tah [çí.nà.tà]


Etymology and/or ways to write:
This name is derived from 日向 (hinata), referring to the direction the sun is shining ora sunny spot or place, derived from a combination of 日 (hi) meaning “sun,” the Old Japanese possessive particle な (na) and the suffix た (ta) referring to a direction or side, also found in pronouns, e.g あなた (anata).
Despite 日向 being the original form (and usage of this particular writing being more unisex), 陽向 is the most popular kanji writing for both genders (as a feminine name, the phonetic spelling, usually in hiragana, is the most often used overall). Other than these three main writings, there is a myriad of writings for Hinata as well.

  • Single kanji or combinations related to 日向:
    • , 日陽, 日暖, etc.
    • meaning “warmth”
    • 光陽, meaning “light; ray, beam, glow”
    • 優陽, meaning “gentle, elegant; excellence, superiority”
    • 光優, 晃優, etc., meaning “brilliant, bright, dazzling”
    • 陽空, 暖空, etc., / meaning “sky” (more often used for boys)
    • 太陽, from taiyō referring to the sun (more often used for boys)
    • 大空, from oozora referring to the big sky, the heavens, firmament, etc. (more often used for boys)
    • 陽晴, 天晴, etc., meaning “clear, fine”
  • Combinations related to 向日葵 (himawari), referring to a sunflower:
    • 陽葵/日葵, 向葵, etc.
    • 陽咲/日咲, meaning “blossom”
    • 日向葵, 陽向葵, etc.
    • 陽菜/日菜, meaning “greens”
  • Other imagery or actions for 日向:
    • 陽愛, meaning “love, affection” (more often used for girls)
    • 陽翔, 陽飛, from 飛翔 (hishō) meaning “flight, flying, soaring” (more often used for boys)
    • 陽詩/日詩, 陽歌, etc., meaning “poem” and meaning “song”
      • in turn: 陽奏, 奏陽, 陽音, etc., meaning “playing music” and meaning “sound”
    • 陽叶, meaning “grant, answer”
    • 日宝, meaning “treasure”
    • 日笑, meaning “smile”

For boys, it is also common to combine a single kanji for this name, like 陽 but also 輝 meaning “brightness, brilliance,” a hi+na combination (which we will get to) or 雛, which means “doll,” with a ta kanji, like 太 meaning “plump, thick,” 大 meaning “large, big,” 汰 meaning “wash, scour” or 多 meaning “many, much,” the final one being used for girls as well. As for hi and na kanji, they are included in the table below:

hi (ひ) na (な)
/ see above phonetic kanji
“false holly” phonetic kanji
“scarlet” see above
see above “calm, lull”
phonetic kanji “south”
/ “princess” “summer”
“calm, gentle”
“seven”

Popularity:
In use since at least the 1970s, much of the people with this name were born in the Heisei period (1989-2019) onwards. In 1990, it was given to less than 0.005% of both boys and girls. The name started to rise in 1992, albeit at a small rate, though by the time it experienced a second, more prominent uptick in usage in 1996, it was given to over 0.03% of girls and well over 0.05% of boys. As of the time of writing, I have not being able to determine the cause(s) of these two upticks in popularity.
By 2000, usage of this name briefly flipped towards feminine with over 0.23% of girls and well over 0.15% of boys receiving this name. At this point, Hinata was about to enter the top 100 for both girls and boys. Seven years later, over 0.6% of boys and over 0.48% of girls received this name, by then placing Hinata within the top 50 for both genders. Based on survey data from Tamahiyo, Meiji Yasuda Life and Baby Calendar and my preliminary 2014-9 names research, during this time period, percentages are averaged at over 1% for boys and over 0.7% for girls.

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